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CSS Curriculum
History of CSS
1994: Håkon Wium Lie first proposed CSS as a way to separate content from presentation on the Web.
1996: CSS1 was published by the W3C, introducing selectors, fonts, colors, and the box model.
1998: CSS2 added positioning, media types, and advanced selectors to support richer page layouts.
1999–2000s: CSS split into modular specs (the start of “CSS3”), enabling faster evolution and new features like transitions and transforms.
2010s: Modern layout systems and responsive design features (Flexbox, Grid, media queries, and improved selectors) became widely supported, powering complex, adaptive interfaces.
Current use: CSS is essential for styling the web — handling layout, typography, colors, responsive design, animations, and themeability across devices, usually alongside HTML and JavaScript.
Module 1: Introduction to CSS
- What is CSS?
- History and evolution of CSS (CSS1 → CSS2 → CSS3 → Modern CSS)
- Difference between inline, internal, and external CSS
- CSS syntax: selectors, properties, and values
- Linking CSS to HTML (<style>, <link>, inline style attribute)
Module 2: CSS Selectors & Properties
- Basic selectors: element, class, ID
- Grouping and universal selector
- Attribute selectors
- Combinators: descendant, child, adjacent sibling, general sibling
- Pseudo-classes (:hover, :first-child, :nth-child)
- Pseudo-elements (::before, ::after, ::first-letter)
Module 3: Colors, Backgrounds & Borders
- Color formats: names, HEX, RGB, HSL, opacity
- Backgrounds: color, image, repeat, position, attachment
- Gradients: linear and radialattachment
- Borders: style, width, color, radius (rounded corners)
- Box shadows and text shadows
Module 4: Text & Fonts
- Font families (serif, sans-serif, monospace, custom fonts)
- Google Fonts integration
- Font properties: size, style, weight, variant
- Text properties: color, spacing, alignment, decoration, transform, indentation
- Line height and letter spacing
Module 5: Box Model & Layout Basics
- Understanding the CSS box model
- Margin, border, padding, content
- Width, height, and max/min dimensions
- Display: block, inline, inline-block, none
- Overflow and visibility
- Positioning: static, relative, absolute, fixed, sticky
- Z-index and stacking context
Module 6: Lists, Links & Tables
- Styling lists: bullets, numbering, custom markers
- Styling links (normal, hover, active, visited states)
- Styling tables: borders, spacing, striping rows, hover effects
Module 7: CSS Flexbox
- Introduction to Flexbox
- Main axis vs cross axis
- Flex container properties: display: flex, justify-content, align-items, flex-wrap
- Flex item properties: order, flex-grow, flex-shrink, flex-basis
- Creating responsive layouts with Flexbox
Module 8: CSS Grid
- Introduction to CSS Grid
- Grid container properties: display: grid, grid-template-rows, grid-template-columns
- Grid gap and alignment
- Grid item placement: grid-row, grid-column, span
- Nested grids
- Building advanced layouts with Grid
Module 9: Responsive Design
- Introduction to responsive design
- Media queries (@media)
- Breakpoints for mobile, tablet, and desktop
- Viewport and percentage-based layouts
- Responsive typography and fluid units (em, rem, vh, vw)
- Mobile-first design approach
Module 10: CSS Transitions & Animations
- CSS transitions (properties, duration, timing functions)
- Transformations: translate, rotate, scale, skew
- Keyframe animations (@keyframes)
- Animation properties: duration, delay, iteration, direction
- Hover effects and interactive UI animations
Module 11: Advanced CSS Features
- CSS variables (custom properties)
- CSS functions: calc(), var(), clamp()
- CSS filters and blend modes
- Clipping and masking
- Multi-column layouts
- Sticky headers and footers
Module 12: CSS Best Practices
- Writing clean and reusable CSS
- Organizing stylesheets (modular CSS)
- Specificity and inheritance rules
- CSS resets and normalize.css
- Introduction to BEM methodology (Block, Element, Modifier)
Module 13: Modern Tools & Frameworks
- Introduction to Sass/SCSS (variables, nesting, mixins, partials)
- CSS frameworks: Bootstrap, Tailwind CSS, Bulma
- Using CSS with JavaScript (inline styles, styled-components in React)
- Browser developer tools for CSS debugging
Module 14: Accessibility & SEO with CSS
- Accessible color contrast
- Hiding vs visually hiding elements
- Print stylesheets
- CSS and search engine optimization basics
Module 15: Project Work
- Responsive personal portfolio website
- Blog or news layout using Flexbox and Grid
- Product landing page with animations and transitions
- Mini CSS framework for consistent styling
Why Learn CSS?
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is what makes the web look beautiful and user-friendly. While HTML gives structure to a webpage, CSS adds style, design, and layout — from colors, fonts, and spacing to responsive grids and animations. Learning CSS helps you create professional, modern, and mobile-friendly websites that work across all devices. It’s beginner-friendly, highly in-demand, and the next essential step after HTML for anyone aiming to become a web designer, front-end developer, or digital creator.
Future Scope After Learning CSS
The future scope of CSS is highly promising as it is the backbone of modern web design and front-end development. By mastering CSS, you can create responsive, visually appealing, and user-friendly websites that work seamlessly across devices. CSS skills open doors to careers as a Web Designer, Front-End Developer, UI/UX Designer, or Creative Technologist, with opportunities in industries such as IT, e-commerce, digital marketing, media, and education. With advanced features like Flexbox, Grid, animations, and variable theming, CSS continues to evolve, ensuring long-term career growth and relevance for students and professionals worldwide.
